Diferencias de sexo asociadas al suicidio y años potenciales de vida perdidos: un estudio retrospectivo

Objetivo: Identificar las diferencias de sexo asociadas a los años potenciales de vida perdidos por suicidio en el departamento de Nariño, periodo 2005-2019. Metodología: Estudio de tipo descriptivo observacional y retrospectivo, en el que se analizaron 1686 certificados de defunción por suicidio de hombres y mujeres en el departamento de Nariño, identificados en el Departamento Nacional Administrativo de Estadística. Resultados: En el periodo 2005-2019, se observaron 1212 suicidios en hombres y 474 en mujeres. Estas se suicidaron a edades más bajas que aquellos. El 50,5 % de los hombres habían cursado básica primaria, y el 46,0 % de las mujeres, básica secundaria. El mayor número de casos de suicidios en hombres y mujeres se presentaron en el área urbana (51,2 % y 45,1 % respectivamente). El envenenamiento fue el mecanismo de suicidio más utilizado por las mujeres (66,7 %), y para los hombres, el mayor porcentaje (41,7) correspondió al ahorcamiento. La tendencia anual de muertes por suicidio fue mayor en hombres que en mujeres. En aquellos, la tasa de suicidio se situó por encima de 4,5 suicidios por 100 000 habitantes, mientras que, en ellas, se mantuvo por debajo de 3,0. Conclusiones: Hubo un aumento en la tendencia de muertes en el periodo de tiempo analizado y el riesgo de morir por suicidio en el hombre fue 3,9 veces el riesgo de morir en una mujer. El estudio contempla importantes aspectos para ser abordados en la prevención del suicidio.

Objective: To identify the sex differences associated with the potential years of life lost due to suicide in the department of Nariño, from 2005 to 2019. Methodology: Descriptive, observational and retrospective study, in which 1686 death certificates by suicide of men and women in the department of Nariño, identified in the National Administrative Department of Statistics, were analyzed. Results: From 2005 to 2019, 1,212 suicide cases of men were observed and 474 of women. Women committed suicide at younger ages than men. 50.5% of the men had completed primary school, and 46.0% of the women, secondary school. The highest number of suicide cases of men and women occurred in the urban area (51.2% and 45.1% respectively). Poisoning was the suicide mechanism most used by women (66.7%), and for men, the highest percentage (41.7) corresponded to hanging. The annual trend of deaths by suicide was higher in men than in women. For men, the suicide rate was above 4.5 suicides per 100,000 inhabitants, while for women, it remained below 3.0. Conclusions: There was an increase in the trend of deaths in the period analyzed and the risk of dying by suicide in men was 3.9 times the risk of dying by suicide in women. The study contemplates important aspects to be addressed in suicide prevention.

Objetivo: Identificar as diferenças de sexo associadas aos anos potenciais de vida perdidos por suicídio no departamento de Nariño, no período 2005-2019. Metodologia: Estudo de tipo descritivo observacional e retrospectivo, em que foram analisados 1686 certificados de óbito por suicídio de homens e mulheres no departamento de Nariño, identificados no Departamento Nacional Administrativo de Estatística. Resultados: No período de 2005-2019, observaram-se 1212 suicídios em homens e 474 em mulheres. Elas suicidaram-se em idades menores do que eles. O 50,5% dos homens cursaram o ensino fundamental, e o 46% das mulheres o ensino médio. O maior número de casos de suicídios em homens e mulheres apresentou-se na área urbana (51,2% y 45,1%, respectivamente). O envenenamento foi o mecanismo de suicídio mais utilizado pelas mulheres (66,7%), e para os homens, a maior percentagem (41,7%) correspondeu ao enforcamento. A tendência anual de mortes por suicídio foi maior em homens do que em mulheres. Neles, a taxa de suicídio esteve por cima de 4,5 suicídios por 100.000 habitantes, enquanto nelas se manteve abaixo de 3,0. Conclusões: Houve um aumento na tendência de mortes no período de tempo analisado e o risco de morrer por suicídio no caso dos homens foi 3,9 vezes o risco de morrer de uma mulher. O estudo contempla aspectos importantes a serem abordados na prevenção do suicídio.

Determinantes sociales asociados a la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional en hogares de mujeres con exceso de peso de Girardot, Cundinamarca (Colombia) / Approach from social determinants to food and nutritional security in households of overweight women in Girardot

Fundamentos: los resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Situación Nutricional (ENSIN) de los últimos 15 años muestran un marcado aumento en el exceso de peso en adultos. En 2015, el 59,6% de las mujeres entre 18 y 64 años presentó exceso de peso. El objetivo fue analizar la situación de seguridad alimentaria y nutricional (SAN) en un grupo de hogares del municipio de Girardot - Cundinamarca, a partir del referencial de los determinantes sociales de la SAN y la equidad social. Métodos: estudio cuantitativo transversal analítico realizado entre 2019 y 2020. Se realizó recolección de variables sociodemográficas, inseguridad alimentaria en el hogar (INSAH), estrategias de afrontamiento de ésta y frecuencia de consumo de alimentos mediante 4 instrumentos tipo encuesta en 20 mujeres adultas con exceso de peso residentes en Girardot (Colombia) de hogares urbanos de los estratos 1 y 2. Resultados: se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la decisión de uso de los ingresos económicos y la estrategia de afrontamiento número 2, clasificadas como determinantes intermedios y la INSAH. Conclusiones: se identificaron la composición del hogar, el nivel educativo del jefe de hogar, la decisión de uso del dinero del hogar, entre otros, como determinantes sociales que agudizan las inequidades en la situación alimentaria y nutricional de los hogares estudiados. (AU)

Background: According to the National Survey of the Nutritional Situation (ENSIN) results, during the last 15 years the obesity in adults has been sharply increasing. In fact, 59,6% of women between 18 and 64 years old were overweight in 2015. The objective was to analyze the Food and Nutrition Security Situation (SAN) within urban households in Girardot - Cundinamarca, based on the social determinants of SAN and social equality Methods: Analytical cross-sectional quantitative study. This paper used a data collection system of background variables, such as food insecurity (INSAH), the coping strategies used by the INSAH and the eating frequency, all this information was collected by interviewing the people using 4 different types of polls. Results: Analytical cross-sectional quantitative study. This paper used a data collection system of background variables, such as food insecurity, the coping strategies used by the INSAH and the eating frequency, all this information was collected by interviewing the people using 4 different types of polls. Conclusions: It was identified the nuclear family composition, the head of the household educational level, the use of money decisions at home among others. As social determinants that contribute to intensifying the inequality in the food and nutritional status in the households of study. (AU)

Presence of periodontal pathogenic bacteria in blood of patients with coronary artery disease.

It has been hypothesised that oral bacteria can migrate, through the blood, from the mouth to the arterial plaques, thus exacerbating atherosclerosis. This study compared bacteria present in the peripheral blood of individuals with and without coronary artery disease (CAD). RNA sequences obtained from blood were downloaded from GEO (GSE58150). Eight patients with coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring > 500 and eight healthy individuals were analysed. After conducting quality control, the sequences were aligned to the hg38 reference genome using Hisat2. Bacterial taxa were analysed by inputting the unmapped sequences into Kraken. Ecological indices were calculated using Vegan. The package DESeq2 was used to compare the counts of bacteria per standard rank between groups. A total of 51 species were found only in patients with CAD and 41 were exclusively present in healthy individuals. The counts of one phylum, one class, three orders, two families and one genus were significantly different between the analysed groups (p < 0.00032, FDR < 10%), including the orders Cardiobacteriales, Corynebacteriales and Fusobacteriales. Twenty-three bacterial species belonging to the subgingival plaque bacterial complexes were also identified in the blood of individuals from both the groups; Fusobacterium nucleatum was significantly less frequent in patients with CAD (p = 0.0012, FDR = 4.8%). Furthermore, the frequency of another 11 bacteria differed significantly among patients with CAD than that among healthy individuals (p < 0.0030, FDR < 10%). These bacteria have not been previously reported in patients with atherosclerosis and periodontitis. The presence of members of the subgingival plaque bacterial complexes in the blood of patients with CAC supports the hypothesis that the periodontopathogens can be disseminated through the blood flow to other body parts where they may enhance inflammatory processes that can lead to the development or exacerbation of atherosclerosis.

Food insecurity and the double burden of malnutrition in Colombian rural households.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine in Colombian rural households the association between different severity levels of household food insecurity and the presence of the double burden of malnutrition (SCOWT), defined as the coexistence of a stunted child under 5 years of age and an overweight or obese (OWOB) mother. DESIGN: A secondary data analysis was conducted using cross-sectional data from the Colombian National Nutritional Survey (ENSIN) 2015. Household food insecurity status was assessed by using the Latin-American and Caribbean Food Security Scale (ELCSA). The household SCOWT status (child stunting and OWOB mother) was determined using anthropometric data from a mother and her child. SETTING: Rural Colombia. PARTICIPANTS: Totally, 2·350 mother-child pairs living in the same household. RESULTS: Sixty-two per cent of the households were food-insecure and SCOWT was present in 7·8 % of the households. Moderate (OR: 2·39, 95 % CI (1·36, 4·21)) and severe (OR: 1·86, 95 % CI (1·10, 3·15)) food insecurity was associated with SCOWT in an unadjusted logistic regression. Only moderate food insecurity remained significantly associated with SCOWT in a multivariate logistic regression (adjusted OR: 2·41, 95 % CI (1·24, 4·68)). CONCLUSIONS: Colombian rural areas are not exempt from the worldwide concern of increasing OWOB rates while stunting is still persistent. These results highlight the need of implementing double-duty rural actions targeting the most vulnerable households to SCOWT, particularly in terms of overcoming food insecurity beyond hunger satisfaction to prevent all forms of malnutrition.